.SH .LG .ce Section 8 .SM .NL .PP Major changes affecting system operations include: .IP \(bu 3 The system now supports disk quotas. These allow system administrators to control users' disk space and file allocation on a per-file system basis. Utilities in this section exist for fixing, summarizing, and editing disk quota summary files. .IP \(bu 3 File systems are now made with a new program, newfs, which acts as front end to the old mkfs program. There no longer is a need to remember disk partition sizes, as newfs gets this information automatically from the /etc/disktab file. In addition, newfs attempts to lay out file systems according to the characteristics of the underlying disk drive (taking into account disk geometry information). .IP \(bu 3 DEC standard bad block forwarding is now supported on the RP06 and second vendor UNIBUS storage module disks. The bad144 program can now be used to mark sectors bad on many disks, though inclusion in the bad sector table is still somewhat risky due to requirements in the ordering of entries in the table. .IP \(bu 3 A new program, format, should be used to initialize all non-DEC storage modules before creating file systems. Format formats the sector headers and creates a bad sector table which is used in normal system operation. Format runs in a standalone mode. .IP \(bu 3 Getty has been rewritten to use a description file, /etc/gettytab. This allows sites to tailor terminal operation and configuration without making modifications to getty. .IP \(bu 3 The line printer system is totally new. A program to administer the operation of printers, lpc, is supplied, and printer accounting has been consolidated into a single program, pac. .IP \(bu 3 The program used to restore files from dump tapes is now called \fIrestore\fP. This name change was done to reinforce the fact that it is completely rewritten and operates in a very different way than the old restor program. Restore operates on mounted file systems and uses only normal file system operations to restore files. Versions of both dump and restore which operate across a network are included as rdump and rrestore. Dump and restore (and their network oriented counterparts) now perform so efficiently (mostly because of the new file system), that disk to disk backups should no longer be an attractive alternative. .sp .PP .BP arff No longer asks if you want to clobber the floppy when manipulating archives which are not on the floppy. .BP bad144 Has been modified to use the /etc/disktab file. Can be used to create bad sector tables for the DEC RP06 and several new Winchester disk drives. Consult the source code for details and use with extreme care. .BP badsect Has been modified to work with the new file system and now must interact with fsck to perform its duties. Consult the manual page for more information. .BP bugfiler Is a new program for automatic filing and acknowledgement of bug reports submitted by the sendbug program. Intended to operate with the Rand MH software which is part of the user contributed software. Used at Berkeley to process bug reports on 4.2BSD. .BP chgrp Has been moved to section 1. .BP comsat Has been changed to filter the noise lines in message headers when displaying incoming mail. No longer uses a second process watchdog as it uses the more reliable socket facilities instead of the old mpx facilities. .BP config Has been extensively modified to handle the new root and swap device specification syntax. A new document, \&``Configuring 4.2BSD UNIX Systems with Config'', describes its use, as well as other important information needed in configuring system images; this is part of Volume 2C of the programmer's manual. .BP diskpart Is a new program which may be used to generate disk partition tables according to the rules used at Berkeley. Can automatically generate entries required for device drivers and for the /etc/diskpart file. (Does not handle the new DEC DSA style drives properly because it tries to reserve space for the bad sector table.) .BP drtest Is a new standalone program which is useful in testing standalone disk device drivers and for pinpointing bad sectors on a disk. .BP dump Has been modified for the new file system organization. Mainly due to the new file system, it runs virtually at tape speed. Properly handles locking on the dumpdates file when multiple dumps are performed concurrently on the same machine. .BP dumpfs Is a new program for dumping out information about a file system such as the block size and disk layout information. .BP edquota Is a new program for editing user quotas. Operates by invoking your favorite editor on an ASCII representation of the information stored in the binary quota files. Edquota also has a ``replication'' mode whereby a quota template may be used to create quotas for a group of users. .BP fastboot Is a new shell script which reboots the system without checking the file systems; should be used with extreme care. .BP fasthalt Is a new script which is similar to fastboot. .BP format Is a new standalone program for formatting non-DEC storage modules and creating the appropriate bad sector table on the disk. .BP fsck Has been changed for the new file system. Fsck is more paranoid then ever in checking the disks, and has been sped up significantly. The accompanying Volume 2C document has been updated to reflect the new file system organization. .BP ftpd Is the DARPA File Transfer Protocol server program. It supports C shell style globbing of arguments and a large set of the commands in the specification (except the ABORT command!). .BP gettable Is a new program which can be used in aquiring up to date DARPA Internet host database files. .BP getty Has been rewritten to use a terminal description database, /etc/gettytab. Consult the manual entries for \fIgetty\fP\|(8) and \fIgettytab\fP\|(5) for more information. .BP icheck Has been modified for the new file system. .BP init Has been significantly modified to use the new signal facilities. In doing so, several race conditions related to signal delivery have been fixed. .BP kgmon Is a new program for controlling running systems which have been created with kernel profiling. Using kgmon, profiling can be turned on or off and internal profiling buffers can dumped into a gmon.out file suiitable for interpretation by gprof. .BP lpc Is a new program controlling line printers and their associated spooling queues. Lpc can be used to enable and disable printers and/or their spooling queues. Lpc can also be used to rearrange existing jobs in a queue. .BP lpd Has been rewritten and now runs as a ``server'', using the interprocess communication facilities to service print requests. A supplementary document describing the line printer system is now part of Volume 2C of the programmer's manual. .BP MAKEDEV .br Is a new shell script which resides in /dev and is used to create special files there. MAKEDEV keeps commands for creating and manipulating local devices in a separate file MAKEDEV.local. .BP mkfs Has been virtually rewritten for the new file system. The arguments supplied are very different. For the most part, users now use the newfs program when creating file systems. Mkfs now automatically creates the lost+found directory. .BP mount Now indicates file systems which are mounted read-only or have disk quotas enabled. .BP newfs Is a new front-end to the mkfs program. Newfs figures out the appropriate parameters to supply to mkfs, invokes it, and then, if necessary, installs the boot blocks necessary to bootstrap UNIX on 11/750's. .BP pac Is a new program which can be used to do printer accounting on any printer. It subsumes the vpac program. .BP quot Now uses the information in the inode of each file to find out how many blocks are allocated to it. .BP quotacheck .br Is a new program which performs consistency checks on disk quota files. Quotacheck is normally run from the /etc/rc.local file after a system is rebooted, though it can also be run on mounted on file systems which are not in use. .BP quotaon Is a new program which enables disk quotas on file systems. A link to quotaon, named quotaoff, is used to disable disk quotas on file systems. .BP pstat Has been modified to understand new kernel data structures. .BP rc Has had system dependent startup commands moved to /etc/rc.local. .BP rdump Is a new program to dump file systems across a network. .BP renice Has been rewritten to use the new setpriority system call. As a result, you can now renice users and process groups. .BP repquota Is a new program which summarizes disk quotas on one or more file systems. .BP restor No longer exists. A new program, restore, is its successor. .BP restore Replaces restor. Restore operates on mounted file systems; it contains an interactive mode and can be used to restore files by name. Restore has become almost as flexible to use as tar in retrieving files from tape. .BP rexecd Is a network server for the \fIrexec\fP\|(3X) library routine. Supports remote command execution where authentication is performed using user accounts and passwords. .BP rlogind Is a network server for the \fIrlogin\fP\|(1C) command. Supports remote login sessions where authentication is performed using privileged port numbers and two files, /etc/hosts.equiv and .rhosts (in each users home directory). .BP rmt Is a program used by rrestore and rdump for doing remote tape operations. .BP route Is a program for manually manipulating network routing tables. .BP routed Is a routing daemon which uses a variant of the Xerox Routing Information Protocol to automatically maintain up to date routing tables. .BP rrestore Is a version of restore which works across a network. .BP rshd Is a server for the \fIrsh\fP\|(1C) command. It supports remote command execution using privileged port numbers and the /etc/hosts.equiv and .rhosts files in users' home directories. .BP rwhod Is a server which generates and listens for host status information on local networks. The information stored by rwhod is used by the \fIrwho\fP\|(1C) and\fIruptime\fP\|(1C) programs. .BP rxformat Is a program for formatting floppy disks (this uses the \fIrx\fP device driver, not the console floppy interface). .BP savecore Has been modified to get many pieces of information from the running system and crash dump to avoid compiled in constants. .BP sendmail Is a new program replacing delivermail; it provides fully internetwork mail forwarding capabilities. Sendmail uses the DARPA standard SMTP protocol to send and receive mail. Sendmail uses a configuration file to control its operation, eliminating the compiled in description used in delivermail. .BP setifaddr Is a new program used to set a network interface's address. Calls to this program are normally placed in the /etc/rc.local file to configure the network hardware present on a machine. .BP syslog Is a server which receives system logging messages. Currently, only the sendmail program uses this server. .BP telnetd Is a server for the DARPA standard TELNET protocol. .BP tftpd Is a server for the DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol. .BP trpt Is a program used in debugging TCP. Trpt transliterates protocol trace information recorded by TCP in a circular buffer in kernel memory. .BP tunefs Is a program for modifying certain parameters in the super block of file systems. .BP vipw Is no longer a shell script and properly interacts with passwd, chsh, and chfn in locking the password file.