RM (4) - RM02, RM03 moving-head disk Vsh (1) - visual shell a.out (5) - assembler and loader output abort (3) - generate IOT fault abort (3F) - generate IOT fault abs (3) - integer absolute value ac (8) - login accounting access (2) - determine accessibility of file acct (2) - turn accounting on or off acct (5) - execution accounting file adb (1) - debugger alarm (2) - schedule signal after specified time aliases (5) - aliases file for delivermail apropos (1) - locate commands by keyword lookup ar (1) - archive and library maintainer ar (5) - archive (library) file format arcv (8) - convert archives to new format arithmetic (6) - provide drill in number facts as (1) - assembler ascii (7) - map of ASCII character set assert (3X) - program verification astags (1) - compute a tags file for an assembler program at (1) - execute commands at a later time atof, atoi, atol (3) - convert ASCII to numbers autoconfig (8) - configure the running system to the hardware awk (1) - pattern scanning and processing language backgammon (6) - the game bad144 (8) - read/write DEC standard 144 bad sector information badsect (8) - create files to contain bad sectors banner (6) - print large banner on printer basename (1) - strip filename affixes bc (1) - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bcd, ppt (6) - convert to antique media bj (6) - the game of black jack boot (8) - startup procedures brk, sbrk, break (2) - change core allocation cal (1) - print calendar calendar (1) - reminder service cat (1) - catenate and print cat (4) - phototypesetter interface catman (8) - create the cat files for the manual cb (1) - C program beautifier cc, pcc (1) - C compiler cd (1) - change working directory chdir, chroot (2) - change default directory checkers (6) - game checknr (1) - check nroff/troff files checkobj (1) - check an object file to see whether it can be executed chess (6) - the game of chess chessclock (1) - a poor mans chess clock chfn (1) - change full name of user ching, fortune (6) - the book of changes and other cookies chmod (1) - change mode chmod (2) - change mode of file choverlay (2) - change overlay chown (2) - change owner and group of a file chown, chgrp (8) - change owner or group chsh (1) - change default login shell ckdir (1) - checksum the files in a directory to guard against/check for corruption clear (1) - clear terminal screen clock (1) - continually print the time of the day close (2) - close a file close, flush (3F) - close or flush a file clri (8) - clear i-node cmp (1) - compare two files col (1) - filter reverse line feeds colrm (1) - remove columns from a file comm (1) - select or reject lines common to two sorted files compact, uncompact, ccat (1) - compress and uncompress files, and cat them config (8) - set up a kernel configuration and directory core (5) - format of core image file count (1) - count items in a file cp (1) - copy crash (8) - what happens when the system crashes creat (2) - create a new file cron (8) - clock daemon crypt (1) - encode/decode crypt, setkey, encrypt (3) - DES encryption csh (1) - a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax ctags (1) - create a tags file ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (3) - convert date and time to ASCII cu (1C) - call UNIX curses (3) - screen functions with ``optimal'' cursor motion curses (3X) - screen functions with ``optimal'' cursor motion cxref (1) - a simple C routine referencing program date (1) - print and set the date daytime (1) - give the time to human-reasonable accuracy dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey (3X) - data base subroutines dc (1) - desk calculator dcheck (8) - file system directory consistency check dd (1) - convert and copy a file delivermail (8) - deliver mail to arbitrary people deroff (1) - remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs df (1) - disk free dh/dm (4) - DH-11/DM-11 communications multiplexer diff (1) - differential file and directory comparator diff3 (1) - 3-way differential file comparison dir (5) - format of directories dmesg (8) - collect system diagnostic messages to form error log dn (4) - DN-11 ACU interface double (1) - double strike output for faint ribbons dtab (5) - table of devices for automatic system configuration du (1) - summarize disk usage du, dp (4) - DU-11/DUP-11 201 data-phone interface dump (8) - incremental file system dump dump, ddate (5) - incremental dump format dumpdir, 512dumpdir (8) - print the names of files on a dump tape dup, dup2 (2) - duplicate an open file descriptor dvhp (4) - Diva Comp V/Ampex 9300 moving-head disk dz (4) - DZ-11 communications multiplexer echo (1) - echo arguments ecvt, fcvt, gcvt (3) - output conversion ed (1) - text editor end, etext, edata (3) - last locations in program environ (5) - user environment eqn, neqn, checkeq (1) - typeset mathematics eqnchar (7) - special character definitions for eqn error (1) - analyze and disperse compiler error messages ex, edit (1) - text editor execl, execv, execle, execlp, execve, execvp, exec, exece, environ (3) - execute a file execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exec, exece, environ (2) - execute a file execve (2) - execute a file exit (2) - terminate process exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt (3M) - exponential, logarithm, power, square root expand, unexpand (1) - expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa expr (1) - evaluate arguments as an expression eyacc (1) - modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery f77 (1) - Fortran77 compiler fabs, floor, ceil (3M) - absolute value, floor, ceiling functions fclose, fflush (3S) - close or flush a stream feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno (3S) - stream status inquiries festoon (6) - turgid memorandum composition fetchi (2) - fetch from user I-space file (1) - determine file type filsys, fblk, ino (5) - format of file system volume find (1) - find files finger (1) - user information lookup program fleece (1) - look for files in home directories fmt (1) - simple text formatter fold (1) - fold long lines for finite width output device fopen, freopen, fdopen (3S) - open a stream fork (2) - spawn new process fortune (6) - print a random, hopefully interesting, adage fperr (2) - get floating-point error registers fread, fwrite (3S) - buffered binary input/output frexp, ldexp, modf (3) - split into mantissa and exponent from (1) - who is my mail from? fsck (8) - file system consistency check and interactive repair fseek, ftell, rewind (3S) - reposition a stream fstab (5) - static information about the file systems ft (4) - fake interval timer gamma (3M) - log gamma function getNAME (8) - get NAME sections from manual source for whatis/apropos data base getarg (3F) - get command line arguments in Fortran getc, getch (3F) - read one character from a file getc, getchar, fgetc, getw (3S) - get character or word from stream getc, getchar, fgetc, getw (3S) - get character or word from stream getenv (3) - value for environment name getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent (3) - get file system descriptor file entry getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent (3) - get group file entry gethostname (3) - get name of current host getlin (3F) - read next line from a file getlogin (3) - get login name getpass (3) - read a password getpid, getppid (2) - get process identification getpw (3) - get name from UID getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent (3) - get password file entry gets, fgets (3S) - get a string from a stream getty (8) - set typewriter mode getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid (2) - get user and group identity getwd (3) - get current working directory pathname gldav (2) - get load average graph (1G) - draw a graph greek (7) - graphics for extended TTY-37 type-box grep (1) - search a file for a pattern grep, egrep, fgrep (1) - search a file for a pattern group (5) - group file hangman, words (6) - word games head (1) - give first few lines of a stream hier (7) - file system hierarchy hk (4) - RK611/RK06 and RK07 moving head disk homedr (3F) - get name of home directory hostname (1) - set or print name of current host system hp (4) - RP04, RP05, RP06 moving-head disk hs (4) - RH11, RH70/RS03, RS04 fixed-head disk ht (4) - TM-03/TE-16,TU-45,TU-77 magtape interface hypot, cabs (3M) - euclidean distance icheck (8) - file system storage consistency check indir (2) - indirect system call init (8) - process control initialization intrlve (4) - file system interleaving intro (1) - introduction to commands intro (3) - introduction to library functions intro (3J) - summary of job control facilities intro (3M) - introduction to mathematical library functions intro (3X) - introduction to miscellaneous library functions intro (4) - introduction to device special files intro, errno (2) - introduction to system calls and error numbers ioctl, stty, gtty (2) - control device iostat (8) - report I/O statistics isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii (3) - character classification itom, madd, msub, mult, mdiv, min, mout, pow, gcd, rpow (3X) - multiple precision integer arithmetic j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn (3M) - bessel functions jobs (3J) - summary of job control facilities join (1) - relational database operator kill (2) - send signal to a process kill (1) - terminate a process with extreme prejudice killpg (2J) - send signal to a process or a process group killpg, killbkg (2) - send signal to process group l3tol, ltol3 (3) - convert between 3-byte integers and long integers last (1) - indicate last logins of users and teletypes lastcomm (1) - show last commands executed in reverse order ld (1) - loader learn (1) - computer aided instruction about UNIX leave (1) - remind you when you have to leave lenstr (3F) - Fortran function for finding string length lex (1) - generator of lexical analysis programs link (2) - link to a file lint (1) - a C program verifier lisp (1) - lisp interpreter ln (1) - make links loadav (3) - get load average lock (1) - reserve a terminal lock (2) - lock a process in primary memory login (1) - sign on login (2) - flag login process and collect accounting information look (1) - find lines in a sorted list lorder (1) - find ordering relation for an object library lp (4) - line printer lpd (8) - line printer daemon lpr (1) - line printer spooler ls (1) - list contents of directory lseek, tell (2) - move read/write pointer m11 (1) - Macro-11 assembler for UNIX m4 (1) - macro processor mail (1) - send and receive mail mail (1) - send or receive mail among users make (1) - maintain program groups makekey (8) - generate encryption key makewhatis (8) - remake the data base for the whatis and apropos commands malloc, free, realloc, calloc (3) - main memory allocator man (1) - find manual information by keywords; print out the manual man (7) - macros to typeset manual maze (6) - generate a maze problem me (7) - macros for formatting papers mem, kmem (4) - main memory mesg (1) - permit or deny messages mkdir (1) - make a directory mkfs (8) - construct a file system mklost+found (8) - make a lost+found directory for fsck mknod (2) - make a directory or a special file mknod (8) - build special file mkstr (1) - create an error message file by massaging C source mktemp (3) - make a unique file name ml (4) - RH-11, RH-70/ML-11 solid state disk monitor (3) - prepare execution profile moo (6) - guessing game more, page (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing mount, umount (2) - mount or remove file system mount, umount (8) - mount and dismount file system mpx (2) - create and manipulate multiplexed files mpxcall (2) - multiplexor and channel interface mpxio (5) - multiplexed i/o ms (7) - macros for formatting manuscripts msgs (1) - system messages and junk mail program mt (1) - magnetic tape manipulating program mt (4) - UNIX magtape interface mtab (5) - mounted file system table mv (1) - move or rename files ncheck (8) - generate names from i-numbers net (1) - execute a command on a remote machine netcp (1) - remote copy of files through the net netlog (1) - print the last few lines of the network log file netlpr (1) - use a remote lineprinter through the net netmail (1) - read mail on a remote machine over the network netq (1) - print contents of network queue netrm (1) - remove a command from the network queue newaliases (1) - rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file newcsh (1) - description of new csh features (over oldcsh) newgrp (1) - log in to a new group newtty (4) - summary of the ``new'' tty driver nice (2) - change program priority nice, nohup (1) - run a command at low priority nlist (3) - get entries from name list nm (1) - print name list nostk (2) - allow process to manage its own stack null (4) - data sink numarg, iargc (3F) - get number of command line arguments in Fortran numstr (3F) - convert a number to a string od (1) - octal dump oldcsh (1) - a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax open (2) - open for reading or writing open (3F) - open a file passwd (1) - change login password passwd (5) - password file pause (2) - stop until signal perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr (3) - system error messages phys (2) - allow a process to access physical addresses pi (1) - Pascal interpreter code translator pipe (2) - create an interprocess channel pix (1) - Pascal interpreter and executor pk (4) - packet driver pkon, pkoff (2) - establish packet protocol pkopen, pkclose, pkread, pkwrite, pkfail (3) - packet driver simulator plot (1G) - graphics filters plot (5) - graphics interface plot: openpl et al. (3X) - graphics interface popen, pclose (3S) - initiate I/O to/from a process pq (1) - print quota pr (1) - print file prep (1) - prepare text for statistical processing print (1) - pr to the line printer printenv (1) - print out the environment printf, fprintf, sprintf (3S) - formatted output conversion printn, fprntn, sprntn (3F) - formatted output conversion prmail (1) - print out mail in the post office prof (1) - display profile data profil (2) - execution time profile ps (1) - process status psignal, sys_siglist (3) - system signal messages pstat (8) - print system facts pti (1) - phototypesetter interpreter ptx (1) - permuted index pubindex (1) - make inverted bibliographic index putbak (3F) - push character back into a file putc, putch (3F) - write a character to a file putc, putchar, fputc, putw (3S) - put character or word on a stream putlin (3F) - write a string to a file puts, fputs (3S) - put a string on a stream pwd (1) - working directory name px (1) - Pascal interpreter pxp (1) - Pascal execution profiler pxref (1) - Pascal cross-reference program qsort (3) - quicker sort qstat, qfstat (2) - get extended file status quiz (6) - test your knowledge quot (8) - summarize file system ownership quota (2) - set quota parameters rand, srand (3) - random number generator ranlib (1) - convert archives to random libraries ranm, iran, randomize, ransav, ranres (3M) - uniform pseudorandom number generator package ranm, iran, rndmze, ransav, ranres (3F) - uniform pseudorandom number generator package ratfor (1) - rational Fortran dialect rc (8) - command script for auto-reboot and daemons re_comp, re_exec (3) - regular expression handler read (2) - read from file readb, writeb (3F) - buffered binary input/output readlink (2) - read value of a symbolic link reboot (2) - reboot system or halt processor reboot (8) - UNIX bootstrapping procedures refer, lookbib (1) - find and insert literature references in documents renice (1) - oppress running processes renice (2) - set program priority restor, 512restor (8) - incremental file system restore rev (1) - reverse lines of a file reversi (6) - a game of dramatic reversals rewind (1) - rewind tape drive rf (4) - RF11/RS11 fixed-head disk rk (4) - RK-11/RK03, RK05 disk rl (4) - RL-11/RL01, RL02 moving-head disk rm, rmdir (1) - remove (unlink) files roff (1) - format text rogue (6) - Exploring The Dungeons of Doom rp (4) - RP-11/RP03 moving-head disk rtp (2) - make/unmake a real time process rx2 (4) - RX211/RX02 floppy disk sa, accton (8) - system accounting savecore (8) - save a core dump of the operating system scanf, fscanf, sscanf (3S) - formatted input conversion scann, fscann, sscann (3F) - formatted input conversion script (1) - make typescript of terminal session sed (1) - stream editor seek, tell (3F) - reposition a file sendbug (1) - mail a system bug report to 2bsd-bugs seqn (1) - typeset mathematics setbuf (3S) - assign buffering to a stream setjmp, longjmp (3) - non-local goto setpgrp, getpgrp (2J) - set/get process group setquot (8) - make block quota on a directory setquota, sq (8) - make block quotas setuid, setgid (2) - set user or group ID sh, for, case, if, while, .BR : , .BR . , break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait (1) - command language shutdown (8) - close down the system at a given time signal (2) - catch or ignore signals sigset, signal, sighold, sigignore, sigrelse, sigpause (3) - manage signals sigset, signal, sighold, sigignore, sigrelse, sigpause (3) - manage signals sigsys (2J) - catch or ignore signals sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 (3M) - trigonometric functions sinh, cosh, tanh (3M) - hyperbolic functions size (1) - size of an object file sleep (1) - suspend execution for an interval sleep (3) - suspend execution for some seconds sleep (3F) - suspend execution for some seconds snake (6) - display chase game soelim (1) - eliminate source directives from a .I nroff or .I troff stream sort (1) - sort or merge files spell, spellin, spellout (1) - find spelling errors spline (1G) - interpolate smooth curve split (1) - split a file into pieces sroff (1) - text formatting for Sanders printer stack (5) - PDP-11 C stack frame conventions stat, lstat, fstat (2) - get file status stdio (3S) - standard buffered input/output package stdio (3S) - standard buffered input/output package stime (2) - set time strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex (3) - string operations string (3F) - Fortran function for string concatenation strings (1) - find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file strip (1) - excise object program segments struct (1) - structure Fortran programs stty (1) - set terminal options su (1) - substitute user id temporarily submit (1) - protect background jobs submit (2) - allow a process to run after logout sum (1) - sum and count blocks in a file swab (3) - swap bytes swap (4) - swap device symlink (2) - make symbolic link to a file sync (2) - update super-block sync (8) - update the super block sysexits (5) - standardized exit codes sysline (1) - display system status on status line of a terminal system (3) - issue a shell command system (3F) - issue a shell command system (3S) - issue a shell command tabs (1) - set terminal tabs tail (1) - deliver the last part of a file tar (1) - tape archiver tbl (1) - format tables for nroff or troff tc (1) - phototypesetter simulator tc (4) - TC-11/TU56 DECtape tee (1) - pipe fitting termcap (5) - terminal capability data base terminals (7) - conventional names test (1) - condition command tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs (3) - terminal independent operation routines tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs (3) - terminal independent operation routines time (1) - time a command time, ftime (2) - get date and time times (2) - get process times tk (1) - paginator for the Tektronix 4014 tm (4) - TM-11/TE-10 magtape interface tod (1) - print out a message germane to the current time of day touch (1) - update date last modified of a file tp (1) - manipulate tape archive tp (5) - DEC/mag tape formats tr (1) - translate characters and case conversion. troff output (5) - format of output from troff(1) troff, nroff (1) - text formatting and typesetting true, false (1) - provide truth values ts (4) - TS-11 magtape interface tset, reset (1) - set terminal modes tsort (1) - topological sort ttt, cubic (6) - tic-tac-toe tty (1) - get terminal name tty (4) - general terminal interface ttyname, isatty, ttyslot (3) - find name of a terminal ttys (5) - terminal initialization data ttytype (5) - data base of terminal types by port types (5) - primitive system data types ucall (2) - call a kernel subroutine from user mode ul (1) - do underlining umask (2) - set file creation mode mask ungetc (3S) - push character back into input stream unifdef (1) - remove ifdef'ed lines uniq (1) - report repeated lines in a file units (1) - conversion program unlink (2) - remove directory entry untmp (1) - clean files out of /tmp update (8) - periodically update the super block users (1) - compact list of users who are on the system utime (2) - set file times utmp, wtmp (5) - login records uucp, uulog (1C) - unix to unix copy uux (1C) - unix to unix command execution v6 (8) - version 6 UNIX file system access utility vfork (2) - spawn new process in an efficient way vgrind (1) - grind nice listings of programs vgrindefs (5) - vgrind's language definition data base vhangup (2) - virtually ``hangup'' the current control terminal vi (1) - screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex vipw (8) - edit the password file with vi vmstat (8) - report system and memory statistics vp (4) - Versatec printer-plotter vp (4) - Versatec printer-plotter w, uptime (1) - who is on and what they are doing; system time up wait (1) - await completion of process wait (2) - wait for process to terminate wait2 (2J) - wait for process to terminate wall (8) - write to all users wc (1) - word count what (1) - show what versions of object modules were used to construct a file whatis (1) - describe what a command is whereis (1) - locate source, binary, and or manual for program who (1) - who is on the system whoami (1) - print effective current user id workdr (3F) - get name of working directory write (1) - write to another user write (2) - write on a file wump (6) - the game of hunt-the-wumpus xp (4) - RP04, RP05, RP06, RM02, RM03, RM05, Diva moving-head disk xsend, xget, enroll (1) - secret mail xstr (1) - extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings yacc (1) - yet another compiler-compiler yes (1) - be repetitively affirmative