.TH POPEN 3S
.UC
.SH NAME
popen, pclose \- initiate I/O to/from a process
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <stdio.h>
.PP
.SM
.B FILE
.B *popen(command, type)
.br
.B char *command, *type;
.PP
.B pclose(stream)
.br
.SM
.B FILE
.B *stream;
.SH DESCRIPTION
The arguments to 
.I popen
are pointers to null-terminated strings
containing respectively a shell command line and an I/O
mode, either "r" for reading or "w" for
writing.
It creates a pipe between
the calling process and
the command to be executed.
The value returned 
is a stream pointer that
can be used (as appropriate) to write to the standard input
of the command or read from its standard output.
.PP
A stream opened by
.I popen
should be closed by
.I pclose,
which waits for the associated process to terminate
and returns the exit status of the command.
.PP
Because open files are shared, a type "r" command
may be used as an input filter,
and a type "w" as an output filter.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
pipe(2), wait(2), fclose(3S), fopen(3S), system(3S)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I Popen
returns a null pointer
if files or processes cannot be created, or the shell 
cannot be accessed.
.PP
.I Pclose
returns \-1 if
.I stream
is not associated with a `popened' command.
.SH BUGS
Buffered reading before opening an input filter
may leave the standard input of that filter mispositioned.
Similar problems with an output filter may be
forestalled by careful buffer flushing, e.g. with
.I fflush,
see
.IR fclose (3S).
.PP
.I Pclose
waits for
.I command
to complete by using
.IR wait (2).
This may have the undesired side effect of collecting and discarding
the exit status of other processes.