SEND(2)                                                                SEND(2)



NAME
       send, sendto, sendmsg - send a message from a socket

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       cc = send(s, msg, len, flags)
       int cc, s;
       char *msg;
       int len, flags;

       cc = sendto(s, msg, len, flags, to, tolen)
       int cc, s;
       char *msg;
       int len, flags;
       struct sockaddr *to;
       int tolen;

       cc = sendmsg(s, msg, flags)
       int cc, s;
       struct msghdr msg[];
       int flags;

DESCRIPTION
       _S_e_n_d,  _s_e_n_d_t_o,  and  _s_e_n_d_m_s_g  are used to transmit a message to another
       socket.  _S_e_n_d may be used only when the socket is in a _c_o_n_n_e_c_t_e_d state,
       while _s_e_n_d_t_o and _s_e_n_d_m_s_g may be used at any time.

       The  address  of  the  target  is given by _t_o with _t_o_l_e_n specifying its
       size.  The length of the message is given by _l_e_n.  If  the  message  is
       too  long  to pass atomically through the underlying protocol, then the
       error EMSGSIZE is returned, and the message is not transmitted.

       No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a _s_e_n_d.  Return val‐
       ues of -1 indicate some locally detected errors.

       If  no messages space is available at the socket to hold the message to
       be transmitted, then _s_e_n_d normally blocks, unless the socket  has  been
       placed  in  non-blocking  I/O  mode.  The _s_e_l_e_c_t(2) call may be used to
       determine when it is possible to send more data.

       The _f_l_a_g_s parameter may include one or more of the following:

              #define  MSG_OOB         0x1    /* process out-of-band data */
              #define  MSG_DONTROUTE   0x4    /* bypass routing, use direct interface */
       The flag MSG_OOB is used to send “out-of-band”  data  on  sockets  that
       support  this  notion  (e.g. SOCK_STREAM); the underlying protocol must
       also support “out-of-band” data.  MSG_DONTROUTE is usually used only by
       diagnostic or routing programs.

       See _r_e_c_v(2) for a description of the _m_s_g_h_d_r structure.

RETURN VALUE
       The  call  returns  the  number  of  characters sent, or -1 if an error
       occurred.

ERRORS
       [EBADF]             An invalid descriptor was specified.

       [ENOTSOCK]          The argument _s is not a socket.

       [EFAULT]            An invalid user space address was specified  for  a
                           parameter.

       [EMSGSIZE]          The  socket  requires  that  message be sent atomi‐
                           cally, and the size of the message to be sent  made
                           this impossible.

       [EWOULDBLOCK]       The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested
                           operation would block.

       [ENOBUFS]           The system  was  unable  to  allocate  an  internal
                           buffer.   The  operation  may  succeed when buffers
                           become available.

       [ENOBUFS]           The output queue for a network interface was  full.
                           This  generally  indicates  that  the interface has
                           stopped sending, but may  be  caused  by  transient
                           congestion.

SEE ALSO
       fcntl(2), recv(2), select(2), getsockopt(2), socket(2), write(2)



4.2 Berkeley Distribution        May 14, 1986                          SEND(2)