HIER(7)                                                                HIER(7)



NAME
       hier - file system hierarchy

DESCRIPTION
       The  following  outline  gives  a  quick  tour through a representative
       directory hierarchy.

       /      root
       /vmunix
              the kernel binary (UNIX itself)
       /lost+found
              directory for connecting detached files for _f_s_c_k(8)
       /dev/  devices (4)
              MAKEDEV
                     shell script to create special files
              MAKEDEV.local
                     site specific part of MAKEDEV
              console
                     main console, _t_t_y(4)
              tty*   terminals, _t_t_y(4)
              hp*    disks, _h_p(4)
              rhp*   raw disks, _h_p(4)
              up*    UNIBUS disks _u_p(4)
              ...
       /bin/  utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)
              as     assembler
              cc     C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2
              csh    C shell
              ...
       /lib/  object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/
              libc.a system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)
              ...
              ccom   C compiler proper
              cpp    C preprocessor
              c2     C code improver
              ...
       /etc/  essential data and maintenance utilities; sect (8)
              dump   dump program _d_u_m_p(8)
              passwd password file, _p_a_s_s_w_d(5)
              group  group file, _g_r_o_u_p(5)
              motd   message of the day, _l_o_g_i_n(1)
              termcap
                     description of terminal capabilities, _t_e_r_m_c_a_p(5)
              ttytype
                     table of what kind of terminal is on each port,
                     _t_t_y_t_y_p_e(5)
              mtab   mounted file table, _m_t_a_b(5)
              dumpdates
                     dump history, _d_u_m_p(8)
              fstab  file system configuration table _f_s_t_a_b(5)
              disktab
                     disk characteristics and partition tables, _d_i_s_k_t_a_b(5)
              hosts  host name to network address mapping file, _h_o_s_t_s(5)
              networks
                     network name to network number mapping file, _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s(5)
              protocols
                     protocol name to protocol number mapping file,
                     _p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l_s(5)
              services
                     network services definition file, _s_e_r_v_i_c_e_s(5)
              remote names and description of remote hosts for _t_i_p(1C),
                     _r_e_m_o_t_e(5)
              phones private phone numbers for remote hosts, as described in
                     _p_h_o_n_e_s(5)
              ttys   properties of terminals, _t_t_y_s(5)
              getty  part of _l_o_g_i_n, _g_e_t_t_y(8)
              init   the parent of all processes, _i_n_i_t(8)
              rc     shell program to bring the system up
              rc.local
                     site dependent portion of _r_c
              cron   the clock daemon, _c_r_o_n(8)
              mount  _m_o_u_n_t(8)
              ...
       /sys/  system source
              h/     header (include) files
                      acct.h _a_c_c_t(5)
                      stat.h _s_t_a_t(2)
                      ...
              sys/   machine independent system source
                     init_main.c
                     uipc_socket.c
                     ufs_syscalls.c
                      ...
              conf/  site configuration files
                     GENERIC
                      ...
              net/   general network source
              netinet/
                     DARPA Internet network source
              netimp/
                     network code related to use of an IMP
                     if_imp.c
                     if_imphost.c
                     if_imphost.h
                      ...
              vax/   source specific to the VAX
                     locore.s
                     machdep.c
                      ...
              vaxuba/
                     device drivers for hardware which resides on the UNIBUS
                      uba.c
                      dh.c
                      up.c
                      ...
              vaxmba/
                     device drivers for hardware which resides on the MASBUS
                      mba.c
                      hp.c
                      ht.c
                      ...
              vaxif  network interface drivers for the VAX
                     if_en.c
                     if_ec.c
                     if_vv.c
                      ...
       /tmp/  temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/
              e*     used by _e_d(1)
              ctm*   used by _c_c(1)
              ...
       /usr/  general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system
              adm/   administrative information
                      wtmp   login history, _u_t_m_p(5)
                     messages
                             hardware error messages
                      tracct phototypesetter accounting, _t_r_o_f_f(1)
                      lpacct line printer accounting _l_p_r(1)
                     vaacct, vpacct
                             varian and versatec accounting _v_p_r(1), _v_t_r_o_f_f(1),
                             _p_a_c(8)
       /usr /bin
              utility programs, to keep /bin/ small
              tmp/   temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small
                      stm*   used by _s_o_r_t(1)
                      raster used by _p_l_o_t(1G)
              dict/  word lists, etc.
                      words  principal word list, used by _l_o_o_k(1)
                     spellhist
                             history file for _s_p_e_l_l(1)
              games/
                     hangman
                      lib/   library of stuff for the games
                             quiz.k/
                                    what _q_u_i_z(6) knows
                                    index  category index
                                    africa countries and capitals
                                    ...
                             ...
                      ...
              include/
                     standard #include files
                     a.out.h
                             object file layout, _a_._o_u_t(5)
                     stdio.h
                             standard I/O, _i_n_t_r_o(3S)
                      math.h (3M)
                      ...
                      sys/   system-defined layouts, cf /sys/h
                      net/   symbolic link to sys/net
                     machine/
                             symbolic link to sys/machine
                      ...
              lib/   object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small
                      atrun  scheduler for _a_t(1)
                      lint/  utility files for lint
                             lint[12]
                                    subprocesses for _l_i_n_t(1)
                             llib-lc
                                    dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used
                                    by _l_i_n_t(1)
                             llib-lm
                                    dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m
                             ...
                     struct/
                             passes of _s_t_r_u_c_t(1)
                      ...
                      tmac/  macros for _t_r_o_f_f(1)
                             tmac.an
                                    macros for _m_a_n(7)
                             tmac.s macros for _m_s(7)
                             ...
                      font/  fonts for _t_r_o_f_f(1)
                             ftR    Times Roman
                             ftB    Times Bold
                             ...
                      uucp/  programs and data for _u_u_c_p(1C)
                             L.sys  remote system names and numbers
                             uucico the real copy program
                             ...
                      units  conversion tables for _u_n_i_t_s(1)
                      eign   list of English words to be ignored by _p_t_x(1)
       /usr/     man/
              volume 1 of this manual, _m_a_n(1)
                      man0/  general
                             intro  introduction to volume 1, _m_s(7) format
                             xx     template for manual page
                      man1/  chapter 1
                             as.1
                             mount.1m
                             ...
                      ...
                      cat1/  preformatted pages for section 1
                      ...
              msgs/  messages, cf _m_s_g_s(1)
                      bounds highest and lowest message
              new/   binaries of new versions of programs
              preserve/
                     editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups
              public/
                     binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone
              spool/ delayed execution files
                      at/    used by _a_t(1)
                      lpd/   used by _l_p_r(1)
                             lock   present when line printer is active
                             cf*    copy of file to be printed, if necessary
                             df*    daemon control file, _l_p_d(8)
                             tf*    transient control file, while _l_p_r is
                                    working
                      uucp/  work files and staging area for _u_u_c_p(1C)
                             LOGFILE
                                    summary log
                             LOG.*  log file for one transaction
                      mail/  mailboxes for _m_a_i_l(1)
                             _n_a_m_e   mail file for user _n_a_m_e
                             _n_a_m_e.lock
                                    lock file while _n_a_m_e is receiving mail
                     secretmail/
                             like _m_a_i_l/
                      uucp/  work files and staging area for _u_u_c_p(1C)
                             LOGFILE
                                    summary log
                             LOG.*  log file for one transaction
                             mqueue/
                                    mail queue for _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l(8)
              _w_d     initial working directory of a user, typically _w_d is the
                     user’s login name
                     .profile
                             set environment for _s_h(1), _e_n_v_i_r_o_n(7)
                     .project
                             what you are doing (used by ( _f_i_n_g_e_r(1) )
                      .cshrc startup file for _c_s_h(1)
                      .exrc  startup file for _e_x(1)
                      .plan  what your short-term plans are (used by _f_i_n_g_e_r(1)
                             )
                      .netrc startup file for various network programs
                     .msgsrc
                             startup file for _m_s_g_s(1)
                     .mailrc
                             startup file for _m_a_i_l(1)
                     calendar
                             user’s datebook for _c_a_l_e_n_d_a_r(1)
              doc/   papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in
                     _m_s(7) format
                      as/    assembler manual
                      c      C manual
                      ...
       /usr/     src/
                     source programs for utilities, etc.
                      bin/   source of commands in /bin
                             as/    assembler
                             ar.c   source for _a_r(1)
                             ...
                     usr.bin/
                             source for commands in /usr/bin
                             troff/ source for _n_r_o_f_f and _t_r_o_f_f(1)
                                    font/  source for font tables,
                                           /usr/lib/font/
                                           ftR.c  Roman
                                           ...
                                    term/  terminal characteristics tables,
                                           /usr/lib/term/
                                           tab300.c
                                                  DASI 300
                                           ...
                                    ...
                      ucb    source for programs in /usr/ucb
                      games/ source for /usr/games
                      lib/   source for programs and archives in /lib
                             libc/  C runtime library
                                    csu/   startup and wrapup routines needed
                                           with every C program
                                           crt0.s regular startup
                                           mcrt0.s
                                                  modified startup for _c_c _-_p
                                    sys/   system calls (2)
                                           access.s
                                           brk.s
                                           ...
                             stdio/ standard I/O functions (3S)
                                    fgets.c
                                    fopen.c
                                    ...
                             gen/   other functions in (3)
                                    abs.c
                                    ...
                             net/   network functions in (3N)
                                    gethostbyname.c
                                    ...
                      local/ source which isn’t normally distributed
                      new/   source for new versions of commands and library
                             routines
                      old/   source for old versions of commands and library
                             routines
                      ucb/   binaries of programs developed at UCB
                             ...
                             edit   editor for beginners
                             ex     command editor for experienced users
                             ...
                             mail   mail reading/sending subsystem
                             man    on line documentation
                             ...
                             pi     Pascal translator
                             px     Pascal interpreter
                             ...
                             vi     visual editor
SEE ALSO
       ls(1),   apropos(1),   whatis(1),   whereis(1),   finger(1),  which(1),
       ncheck(8), find(1), grep(1)
BUGS
       The position of files is subject to change without notice.



4th Berkeley Distribution        May 20, 1985                          HIER(7)