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ASM-11(1) Retro Project Manual ASM-11(1) NAME asm-11 - simple assembler for MACRO-11 style PDP-11 code SYNOPSIS asm-11 [OPTION]... FILE... asm-11 --help DESCRIPTION asm-11 is a simple assembler for MACRO-11 style PDP-11 code that di- rectly generates a load module for an absolute loader. It is mainly used to compile test bench code or other small bare-metal programs into a loadable format. asm-11 accepts a subset of the MACRO-11 language and generates an abso- lute binary in the formats - lda-11(5): the DEC standard absolute binary format, can be directly used with the paper tape loader. Activated with the --lda or --olda options. - cof-11(5): a custom format that contains the full symbol table and the absolute binary. Very useful when access to the symbol table is needed, for example in test bench codes. Activated with the --cof or --ocof options. - lsm-11(5): very simple word wise 'addr:data' memory dump. Useful when used in combination with some w11 tools, e.g. dasm-11. Acti- vated with the --lsm or --olsm options. asm-11 can create a listing in a format very close to that generated by the MACRO-11 assembler. Activated with the --lst or --olst options. asm-11 provides many basic assembler directives .ascii stores ascii string .asciz stores ascii string with trailing zero .asect absolute program section (current default, dummy imp) .blkb allocate bytes of storage .blkw allocate words of storage .byte store bytes of data .end end of source .endc end of .if conditional block .endm end of macro .endr end of .rept repeat block .error raise error .even ensure word aligment .include include another source file .if assembles block if condition is met .iff assembles block if condition tests false .ift assembles block if condition tests true .iftf assembles block regardless of condition .list minimal support for cnd,me,meb .nlist minimal support for cnd,me,meb .macro starts macro defintion (subset) .mcall load macro definitions .mdelete delete macro definitions .mexit terminate macro or .rept expansion .narg number of macro arguments .nchr calculate string length .ntype evaluate addressing mode .odd align to odd byte address .print insert output into listing .rept starts repeat block definition .word store words of data and thus restricted macro support and no psect support. Differences between asm-11 and MACRO-11 - only single .asect supported, no .psect support - assembler stops with error code 'S' when '.' exceeds 160000 - registers must be named r0,..,r5,sp,pc - the %n notation and register expressions are not supported - labeled assignment statements cause a 'Q' error (MACRO-11 accepts) - the .emt and .trap instruction must have the trap number specified - a .macro definition must end with .endm (.endr not accepted) - a .rept block must end with .endr (.endm not accepted) - macros: the \ operator accepts only symbols, no expressions - a .if dif/idn doesn't work with blank arguments - a .if df/ndf sees opcodes as defined (MACRO-11 doesn't) - a .if df/ndf sees register names as undefined (MACRO-11 doesn't) - error codes on invail statements differ, especially 'A' and 'Q' - the .(n)list acts only on cnd, me and meb, ignores other values - the .(n)list default is cnd=0,me=0,meb=1 (MACRO-11 cnd=1,meb=0) - the following directives are not supported: .cross, .csect, .dsabl, .enabl, .flt2, .flt4, .globl, .ident, .iif, .irp, .irpc, .library, .limit, .nocross, .packed, .page, .psect, .rad50, .radix, .rem, .restore, .save, .sbttl, .title, .weak Design goal for directive support The following directives will be added in future releases .flt2 store 32 bit float .flt4 store 64 bit float OPTIONS -I path adds path to the .include search path. The default search path is '.' plus $RETROBASE/tools/asm-11 if RETROBASE is defined. Each -I adds path after '.'. -I can be given multiple times und must have a single path name. -L path adds path to the .library search path used by the .mcall direc- tive. The default search path is $RETROBASE/tools/asm-11 if RETROBASE is defined. -L can be given multiple times und must have a single path name. -E write .include processed code to stdout and stop after 1st pass. No other outputs are created, options like --lst are ignored. Useful for the generation of self-contained macro files that are free of .include and .mcall directives and thus free of external references. Was inspired by the -E option of gcc(1). -M write rules to stdout suitable for make(1) describing the depen- dencies of generated .lda and .lst files from the source files. Outputs for .lda and .lst targets one rule per input or included file. Only useful when FILE is not '-'. Was inspired by the -M option of gcc(1). --lst create listing with a default file name built from the basename of the last FILE plus a .lst extension. If FILE is '-' the out- put is written to stdout. --olst=fnam create a listing and write it to file fnam. If fnam is '-' the listing is written to stdout. --lda create absolute loader output in lda-11(5) format with a default file name built from the basename of the last FILE plus a .lda extension. If FILE is '-' the output is written to stdout. --olda=fnam create absolute loader output in lda-11(5) format and write it to file fnam. If fnam is '-' the compound output is written to stdout. --cof create compound output in cof-11(5) format with a default file name built from the basename of the last FILE plus a .cof exten- sion. If FILE is '-' the output is written to stdout. --ocof=fnam create compound output in cof-11(5) format and write it to file fnam. If fnam is '-' the compound output is written to stdout. If both --olst=- and --ocof=- and are specified, the listing output comes first, followed by the compound output. --lsm create lsmem style memory dump in lsm-11(5) format with a de- fault file name built from the basename of the last FILE plus a .lsm extension. If FILE is '-' the output is written to stdout. --olsm=fnam create lsmem style memory dump in lsm-11(5) format and write it to file fnam. If fnam is '-' the compound output is written to stdout. -list opt is equivalent to a '.list opt' directive at the beginning of the code. Supported values for opt are 'cnd', 'me' and 'meb'. Startup default is 'cnd' and 'me' disabled and 'meb' enabled. -list can be given multiple times. -nlist opt is equivalent to a '.nlist opt' directive at the beginning of the code. -nlist can be given multiple times. -nlist options are processed after -list options. -help print full help text and exit. OPTIONS FOR DEBUG --tpass1 trace line context in pass 1. --tpass2 trace line context in pass 2. --dsym1 dump psect and ust tables after pass 1. --dsym2 dump psect and ust tables after pass 2. --ttoken trace tokenizer. --tparse trace parser. --temit trace code emit. --tout trace output file write. ENVIRONMENT RETROBASE If defined adds an include path to the asm-11 standard library. EXIT STATUS If files can't be opened or an assembler error is detected an exit sta- tus 1 is returned. EXAMPLES Direct usage asm-11 -lst -lda test.mac Compiles test.mac and creates listing file test.lst and absolute loader file test.lda. asm-11 --olst=- --ocof=- - Reads the input from stdin and writes a listing followed by a com- pound output to stdout. This usage style is convenient when inte- grating asm-11 with other tools. Embedded usage from ti_w11 command line The -e option of the ti_w11 command uses asm-11 to compile a .mac source file and load the binary in either a w11 design on an FGPA or a test bench. Example ti_w11 -n4d -e $RETROBASE/tools/mcode/dl11/dl11echo.mac from ti_w11 command prompt The lsasm subcommand of a CPU object uses asm-11 to compile a .mac source file, load the binary, and capture the listing and the sym- bol table. cpu0 ldasm -file "test.mac" -sym sym -lst lst cpu0 cp stapc $sym(...end) compiles test.mac and leaves the listing in Tcl variable sym and the symbol table in Tcl array lst. If the code specified a start address via a .end directive it can be accessed via $sym(...end). cpu0 ldasm -lst lst -sym sym { ... MACRO-11 code ... } compiles and loads a code snippet embedded in the Tcl script. Again, the symbol table in Tcl array lst. This usage style is heavily used in test benches. The direct and easy access to the symbol table allows a very tight interaction between the verifica- tion code in the test bench and the code executed on the target system. SEE ALSO asm-11_expect(1), ti_w11(1), dasm-11(1), lda-11(5), cof-11(5), lsm-11(5) AUTHOR Walter F.J. Mueller <W.F.J.Mueller@gsi.de> Retro Project 2023-01-27 ASM-11(1)
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Generated: 2023-02-09 |
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