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F77(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual F77(1) NAME f77 - Fortran77 compiler SYNTAX f77 [ option ] ... file ... DESCRIPTION F77 is the UNIX Fortran77 compiler. It accepts several types of arguments: Arguments whose names end with `.f' are taken to be For- tran77 source programs; they are compiled, and each object program is left on the file in the current directory whose name is that of the source with `.o' substituted for '.f'. Arguments whose names end with `.r' or `.e' are taken to be Ratfor or EFL source programs, respectively; these are first transformed by the appropriate preprocessor, then compiled by f77. In the same way, arguments whose names end with `.c' or `.s' are taken to be C or assembly source programs and are com- piled or assembled, producing a `.o' file. The following options have the same meaning as in cc(1). See ld(1) for load-time options. -c Suppress loading and produce `.o' files for each source file. -p Prepare object files for profiling, see prof(1) -O Invoke an object-code optimizer. -S Compile the named programs, and leave the assembler- language output on corresponding files suffixed `.s'. (No `.o' is created.). -f Use a floating point interpreter (for PDP11's that lack 11/70-style floating point). -o output Name the final output file output instead of `a.out'. The following options are peculiar to f77: -onetrip Compile DO loops that are performed at least once if reached. (Fortran77 DO loops are not performed at all if the upper limit is smaller than the lower limit.) -u Make the default type of a variable `undefined' rather Printed 11/26/99 1 F77(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual F77(1) than using the default Fortran rules. -C Compile code to check that subscripts are within declared array bounds. -w Suppress all warning messages. If the option is `-w66', only Fortran 66 compatibility warnings are suppressed. -F Apply EFL and Ratfor preprocessor to relevant files, put the result in the file with the suffix changed to `.f', but do not compile. -m Apply the M4 preprocessor to each `.r' or `.e' file before transforming it with the Ratfor or EFL prepro- cessor. -Ex Use the string x as an EFL option in processing `.e' files. -Rx Use the string x as a Ratfor option in processing `.r' files. -U Do not convert upper case letters to lower case. -I2 Make default integer size 16 bit. -I4 Make default integer size 32 bit (default). -v Verbose. Print information showing what compiler is doing. -d Debug prints out intermediate information, leaves tem- porary files in /tmp and often produces a core file. Other arguments are taken to be either loader option argu- ments, or F77-compatible object programs, typically produced by an earlier run, or perhaps libraries of F77-compatible routines. These programs, together with the results of any compilations specified, are loaded (in the order given) to produce an executable program with name `a.out'. FILES file.[fresc] input file file.o object file a.out loaded output /usr/libexec/f77pass1compiler pass 1 /lib/c1 compiler pass 2 /lib/c2 optional optimizer /usr/lib/libF77.a intrinsic function library /usr/lib/libI77.a Fortran I/O library /usr/lib/libU77.a Fortran system call library Printed 11/26/99 2 F77(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual F77(1) /lib/libc.a C library, see section 3 /temp/fortPID.[xsad SopzA]temporary files Different versions of the compiler tools may be used with the following flags followed immediately (no space) by the path name of the desired module: -T1 pass1 /lib/f77pass1 -T2 pass2 /lib/c1 -Ta assembler /bin/as -Tl loader /bin/ld -TF footname /lib/crt0.o -TM macro pack m4 SEE ALSO S. I. Feldman, P. J. Weinberger, A Portable Fortran77 Com- piler cc(1), ld(1), prof(1) DIAGNOSTICS The diagnostics produced by f77 itself are intended to be self-explanatory. Occasional messages may be produced by the loader. -d causes the intermediate files to be saves in /tmp and causes the compiler to print out what it is doing. Run-time diagnostics for the input/output library are as follows: /* 100 */ "error in format" See error message output for the location of the error in the format. Can be caused by more than 10 levels of nested (), or an extremely long format statement. Printed 11/26/99 3 F77(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual F77(1) /* 101 */ "illegal unit number" It is illegal to close logical unit 0. Negative unit numbers are not allowed. The upper limit is system dependent. /* 102 */ "formatted io not allowed" The logical unit was opened for unformatted I/O. /* 103 */ "unformatted io not allowed" The logical unit was opened for formatted I/O. /* 104 */ "direct io not allowed" The logical unit was opened for sequential access, or the logical record length was specified as 0. /* 105 */ "sequential io not allowed" The logical unit was opened for direct access I/O. /* 106 */ "can't backspace file" The file associated with the logical unit can't seek. May be a device or a pipe. /* 107 */ "off beginning of record" The format specified a left tab off the beginning of the record. /* 108 */ "can't stat file" The system can't return status information about the file. Perhaps the directory is unreadable. /* 109 */ "no * after repeat count" Repeat counts in list-directed I/O must be followed by an * with no blank spaces. /* 110 */ "off end of record" A formatted write tried to go beyond the logical end-of-record. An unformatted read or write will also cause this. /* 111 */ "truncation failed" The truncation of external sequential files on 'close', 'backspace', or 'rewind' tries to do a copy. It failed. Perhaps the temp file couldn't be created. /* 112 */ "incomprehensible list input" Printed 11/26/99 4 F77(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual F77(1) List input has to be just right. /* 113 */ "out of free space" The library dynamically creates buffers for internal use. You ran out of memory for this. Your program is too big! /* 114 */ "unit not connected" The logical unit was not open. /* 115 */ "read unexpected character" Certain format conversions can't tolerate non-numeric data. Logical data must be T or F. /* 116 */ "blank logical input field" /* 117 */ "'new' file exists" You tried to open an existing file with "status='new'". /* 118 */ "can't find 'old' file" You tried to open a nonexistent file with "status='old'". /* 119 */ "unknown system error" Shouldn't happen, but ..... (Send me a documented example.) /* 120 */ "requires seek ability" Direct access requires seek ability. Sequential unformatted I/O requires seek ability on the file due to the special data structure required. Tabbing left also requires seek ability. /* 121 */ "illegal argument" Certain arguments to 'open', etc. will be checked for legitimacy. Often only non- default forms are looked for. /* 122 */ "negative repeat count" /* 123 */ "illegal operation for channel or device" BUGS The Fortran66 subset of the language has been exercised extensively; the newer features have not. Fortran style read/write routines take up 23 Kbytes of addressing space. Printed 11/26/99 5 F77(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual F77(1) The compiler is not intelligent enough to know when to split up assemblies and loads. Occasionally this causes the loader ld(1) to produce the informative local symbol botch error message when local symbols like argument names are defined with different types. Thus one must split up such offensive modules into separate compilations. All mathematics for reals is done in double precision. Integer*4 byte alignment is unlike DEC and everyone else's. There is no symbolic debugger. The optimizer should be used with caution. It is known to occasionally produce incorrect code. EXAMPLES f77 -O -c myprog.f creates myprog.o using C optimizer f77 -i -O myprog.f another.f anon.o -lplot compiles .f files, loads all files using separate i&d space and linking in routines in the plot library. f77 myprog.f mine.c >&errors Compiles and loads both files putting error output into file called errors. This is the C shell (csh) version. The Bourne shell (sh) version is: f77 myprog.f mine.c 2>errors 1>errors Printed 11/26/99 6
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