HIER(7)                                                                HIER(7)


NAME
       hier - file system hierarchy

DESCRIPTION
       The  following  outline  gives  a  quick  tour through a representative
       directory hierarchy.

       /      root
       /vmunix
              the kernel binary (UNIX itself)
       /lost+found
              directory for connecting detached files for fsck(8)
       /dev/  devices (4)
              MAKEDEV
                     shell script to create special files
              MAKEDEV.local
                     site specific part of MAKEDEV
              console
                     main console, tty(4)
              tty*   terminals, tty(4)
              hp*    disks, hp(4)
              rhp*   raw disks, hp(4)
              up*    UNIBUS disks up(4)
              ...
       /bin/  utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)
              as     assembler
              cc     C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2
              csh    C shell
              ...
       /lib/  object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/
              libc.a system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)
              ...
              ccom   C compiler proper
              cpp    C preprocessor
              c2     C code improver
              ...
       /etc/  essential data and maintenance utilities; sect (8)
              dump   dump program dump(8)
              passwd password file, passwd(5)
              group  group file, group(5)
              motd   message of the day, login(1)
              termcap
                     description of terminal capabilities, termcap(5)
              ttytype
                     table of what kind of terminal is on each port,
                     ttytype(5)
              mtab   mounted file table, mtab(5)
              dumpdates
                     dump history, dump(8)
              fstab  file system configuration table fstab(5)
              disktab
                     disk characteristics and partition tables, disktab(5)
              hosts  host name to network address mapping file, hosts(5)
              networks
                     network name to network number mapping file, networks(5)
              protocols
                     protocol name to protocol number mapping file,
                     protocols(5)
              services
                     network services definition file, services(5)
              remote names and description of remote hosts for tip(1C),
                     remote(5)
              phones private phone numbers for remote hosts, as described in
                     phones(5)
              ttys   properties of terminals, ttys(5)
              getty  part of login, getty(8)
              init   the parent of all processes, init(8)
              rc     shell program to bring the system up
              rc.local
                     site dependent portion of rc
              cron   the clock daemon, cron(8)
              mount  mount(8)
              ...
       /sys/  system source
              h/     header (include) files
                      acct.h acct(5)
                      stat.h stat(2)
                      ...
              sys/   machine independent system source
                     init_main.c
                     uipc_socket.c
                     ufs_syscalls.c
                      ...
              conf/  site configuration files
                     GENERIC
                      ...
              net/   general network source
              netinet/
                     DARPA Internet network source
              netimp/
                     network code related to use of an IMP
                     if_imp.c
                     if_imphost.c
                     if_imphost.h
                      ...
              vax/   source specific to the VAX
                     locore.s
                     machdep.c
                      ...
              vaxuba/
                     device drivers for hardware which resides on the UNIBUS
                      uba.c
                      dh.c
                      up.c
                      ...
              vaxmba/
                     device drivers for hardware which resides on the MASBUS
                      mba.c
                      hp.c
                      ht.c
                      ...
              vaxif  network interface drivers for the VAX
                     if_en.c
                     if_ec.c
                     if_vv.c
                      ...
       /tmp/  temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/
              e*     used by ed(1)
              ctm*   used by cc(1)
              ...
       /usr/  general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system
              adm/   administrative information
                      wtmp   login history, utmp(5)
                     messages
                             hardware error messages
                      tracct phototypesetter accounting, troff(1)
                      lpacct line printer accounting lpr(1)
                     vaacct, vpacct
                             varian and versatec accounting vpr(1), vtroff(1),
                             pac(8)
       /usr /bin
              utility programs, to keep /bin/ small
              tmp/   temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small
                      stm*   used by sort(1)
                      raster used by plot(1G)
              dict/  word lists, etc.
                      words  principal word list, used by look(1)
                     spellhist
                             history file for spell(1)
              games/
                     hangman
                      lib/   library of stuff for the games
                             quiz.k/
                                    what quiz(6) knows
                                    index  category index
                                    africa countries and capitals
                                    ...
                             ...
                      ...
              include/
                     standard #include files
                     a.out.h
                             object file layout, a.out(5)
                     stdio.h
                             standard I/O, intro(3S)
                      math.h (3M)
                      ...
                      sys/   system-defined layouts, cf /sys/h
                      net/   symbolic link to sys/net
                     machine/
                             symbolic link to sys/machine
                      ...
              lib/   object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small
                      atrun  scheduler for at(1)
                      lint/  utility files for lint
                             lint[12]
                                    subprocesses for lint(1)
                             llib-lc
                                    dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used
                                    by lint(1)
                             llib-lm
                                    dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m
                             ...
                     struct/
                             passes of struct(1)
                      ...
                      tmac/  macros for troff(1)
                             tmac.an
                                    macros for man(7)
                             tmac.s macros for ms(7)
                             ...
                      font/  fonts for troff(1)
                             ftR    Times Roman
                             ftB    Times Bold
                             ...
                      uucp/  programs and data for uucp(1C)
                             L.sys  remote system names and numbers
                             uucico the real copy program
                             ...
                      units  conversion tables for units(1)
                      eign   list of English words to be ignored by ptx(1)
       /usr/     man/
              volume 1 of this manual, man(1)
                      man0/  general
                             intro  introduction to volume 1, ms(7) format
                             xx     template for manual page
                      man1/  chapter 1
                             as.1
                             mount.1m
                             ...
                      ...
                      cat1/  preformatted pages for section 1
                      ...
              msgs/  messages, cf msgs(1)
                      bounds highest and lowest message
              new/   binaries of new versions of programs
              preserve/
                     editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups
              public/
                     binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone
              spool/ delayed execution files
                      at/    used by at(1)
                      lpd/   used by lpr(1)
                             lock   present when line printer is active
                             cf*    copy of file to be printed, if necessary
                             df*    daemon control file, lpd(8)
                             tf*    transient control file, while lpr is
                                    working
                      uucp/  work files and staging area for uucp(1C)
                             LOGFILE
                                    summary log
                             LOG.*  log file for one transaction
                      mail/  mailboxes for mail(1)
                             name   mail file for user name
                             name.lock
                                    lock file while name is receiving mail
                     secretmail/
                             like mail/
                      uucp/  work files and staging area for uucp(1C)
                             LOGFILE
                                    summary log
                             LOG.*  log file for one transaction
                             mqueue/
                                    mail queue for sendmail(8)
              wd     initial working directory of a user, typically wd is the
                     user’s login name
                     .profile
                             set environment for sh(1), environ(7)
                     .project
                             what you are doing (used by ( finger(1) )
                      .cshrc startup file for csh(1)
                      .exrc  startup file for ex(1)
                      .plan  what your short-term plans are (used by finger(1)
                             )
                      .netrc startup file for various network programs
                     .msgsrc
                             startup file for msgs(1)
                     .mailrc
                             startup file for mail(1)
                     calendar
                             user’s datebook for calendar(1)
              doc/   papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in
                     ms(7) format
                      as/    assembler manual
                      c      C manual
                      ...
       /usr/     src/
                     source programs for utilities, etc.
                      bin/   source of commands in /bin
                             as/    assembler
                             ar.c   source for ar(1)
                             ...
                     usr.bin/
                             source for commands in /usr/bin
                             troff/ source for nroff and troff(1)
                                    font/  source for font tables,
                                           /usr/lib/font/
                                           ftR.c  Roman
                                           ...
                                    term/  terminal characteristics tables,
                                           /usr/lib/term/
                                           tab300.c
                                                  DASI 300
                                           ...
                                    ...
                      ucb    source for programs in /usr/ucb
                      games/ source for /usr/games
                      lib/   source for programs and archives in /lib
                             libc/  C runtime library
                                    csu/   startup and wrapup routines needed
                                           with every C program
                                           crt0.s regular startup
                                           mcrt0.s
                                                  modified startup for cc -p
                                    sys/   system calls (2)
                                           access.s
                                           brk.s
                                           ...
                             stdio/ standard I/O functions (3S)
                                    fgets.c
                                    fopen.c
                                    ...
                             gen/   other functions in (3)
                                    abs.c
                                    ...
                             net/   network functions in (3N)
                                    gethostbyname.c
                                    ...
                      local/ source which isn’t normally distributed
                      new/   source for new versions of commands and library
                             routines
                      old/   source for old versions of commands and library
                             routines
                      ucb/   binaries of programs developed at UCB
                             ...
                             edit   editor for beginners
                             ex     command editor for experienced users
                             ...
                             mail   mail reading/sending subsystem
                             man    on line documentation
                             ...
                             pi     Pascal translator
                             px     Pascal interpreter
                             ...
                             vi     visual editor
SEE ALSO
       ls(1),   apropos(1),   whatis(1),   whereis(1),   finger(1),  which(1),
       ncheck(8), find(1), grep(1)
BUGS
       The position of files is subject to change without notice.


4th Berkeley Distribution        May 20, 1985                          HIER(7)
 
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